The reality of the situation is that the programmability of an FPGA makes it inherently larger (in terms of transistor count) than an equivalent hardwired chip.

真实的情形是，FPGA的可编程性使它天生就比同等的硬布线芯片大(就晶体管数量而言)。

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Ideally, such a chip would have only one sort of transistor, since that would mean it was much easier to manufacture.

理想的这种芯片将只有一种晶体管类型，因为这意味着它将会更加容易制造。

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Typically used in the transistor element called the gate, polysilicon has been part of the standard chip-manufacturing process for decades.

多晶硅常用在被称作门的晶体管元件中，已在标准的芯片制造工艺中使用了几十年。

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One final piece of the competitive puzzle for TSMC is the economic inflection point that the chip business is approaching as transistor shrinkage increasingly encounters the limitations of physics.

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In 1959 Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor and Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments each invented the integrated circuit, etching a transistor onto a two- dimensional chip of silicon.

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This boosts speed by as much as another factor of two for some types of chip, by doubling the amount of current each transistor can deliver.

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